202323 February peace and security,UN

202323 February peace and security

The eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution today by an overwhelming majority, it reiterates its demand for the immediate, complete and unconditional withdrawal of all its military forces from the territory within the internationally recognized borders of Ukraine and calls for the cessation of hostilities.
The draft resolution, entitled “Principles of the Charter of the United Nations Peace for a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine”, was voted in favour by 141 member states, belarus, North Korea, Eritrea, Mali, Nicaragua, Russia and Syria voted no, while China, India, Pakistan, Cuba and 32 other countries abstained.
The vote in favour was more than two thirds of the total and the resolution was therefore adopted.
This is the fourth time since the outbreak of the war in Ukraine that the General Assembly has passed a resolution calling for the immediate withdrawal of Russian troops from Ukraine
Resolution
The resolution“Stresses that one year after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the achievement of a comprehensive, just and lasting peace will be a major contribution to the strengthening of international peace and security”.
To this end, the resolution urges member states and international organizations to redouble their support for diplomatic efforts to achieve a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations; To reaffirm the commitment of the General Assembly to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders, including its territorial waters.
The resolution reiterates its demand for the immediate, complete and unconditional withdrawal of all military forces of the Russian Federation from the territory within the internationally recognized borders of Ukraine and calls for the cessation of hostilities.
It also called for the immediate cessation of attacks on critical infrastructure in Ukraine and any deliberate attacks on civilian objects, including homes, schools and hospitals.
In addition, the resolution“Stresses the need to ensure accountability for the most serious crimes under international law committed in the territory of Ukraine, and to ensure justice for all victims and the prevention of future crimes, through appropriate, impartial and independent investigations and prosecutions at the national or international level”
The eleven emergency special sessions of the General Assembly resumed on 22 February, with representatives of a total of 94 member states opening an open debate on the draft resolution and making explanatory statements before and after the vote.
Most representatives expressed concern about the humanitarian and human rights crisis facing Ukraine one year after the full-scale invasion and expressed concern that there was no clear prospect of an end to the crisis.
Delegates also reaffirmed their commitment to the Charter of the United Nations and international law and expressed their strong will to achieve a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine as soon as possible, in accordance with the principles of the charter.
Colonna, Lazio, the French Foreign Minister, who voted in favour, stressed in the public debate that the Russian war was of concern to all nations because if aggression was rewarded, there would be no peace and security. She also quoted French President Maqueron as saying at the General Debate of the general assembly last September that “Neutrality is not a possible option because it would be tantamount to an accomplice of the aggressor”.
In an explanation of Permanent Representative to the United Nations after the vote, Kamboi, who abstained, said the russian-ukrainian war was now complex and that regional conflicts were even intensifying. She therefore questioned whether a solution acceptable to both sides could be found for the time being. While affirming that the draft resolution seeks the goal of peace, Kamboi said that the resolution for the achievement of the goal of“Inherent deficiencies.”.
Two amendments were not adopted
Two amendments submitted by Belarus were also put to the vote on the same day. Among other things, the A/ES-11/L. 8 amendment seeks to delete the phrase“A year after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine” and the General Assembly's renewed call for Russia to withdraw its forces, and proposed that the“Russian Federation aggression against Ukraine” to“Hostile acts in Ukraine.
In the A/ES-11/L. 9 amendment, belarus, for its part, wants to add“Urges member states to address the root causes of conflict in and around Ukraine, including the legitimate security concerns of member states” and“Also urges member states not to send weapons to conflict zones”.
The two amendments received only 11 and 15 votes, respectively, and neither passed.
Differences over the amendment
In an explanation of Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations before the vote, Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Barbara Barbara Woodward pointed out that the amendments sought to draw a false parallel between Russia and Ukraine; however, the former was the party designated by the General Assembly and the secretary-general of the United Nations as having launched a full-scale invasion, while the latter was exercising its right of self-defence against aggression. “In short, the amendments themselves are an attempt to undermine the charter,” she stressed
Dai Bing, the Chinese delegate who voted in favour of the AES-11.9 amendment and the Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations's Chargé d'affaires, said: “All countries' legitimate security concerns should be taken seriously and all efforts conducive to the peaceful resolution of crises should be supported.”. He also noted that“The brutal facts fully prove that the transfer of arms will not bring peace, the arch of fuel will only increase the conflict between the parties, the extension of the expansion of the conflict will only make ordinary people pay a greater price.”
After the vote was taken that day, the eleventh emergency special session of the General Assembly was adjourned. The resolution also“Authorizes the President of the General Assembly to resume its session at the request of Member States.”
 

2023年2月23日和平与安全
联合国大会第十一届紧急特别会议今天以压倒性多数通过决议，再次要求俄罗斯联邦立即、彻底、无条件地将其所有军事力量从乌克兰国际公认边界内的领土撤出，并呼吁停止敌对行动。
在当天的投票中，这份题为“在乌克兰实现全面、公正和持久和平所依循的《联合国宪章》原则”的决议草案获得141个会员国的赞成票，白俄罗斯、朝鲜、厄立特里亚、马里、尼加拉瓜、俄罗斯和叙利亚七国投出反对票，中国、印度、巴基斯坦、古巴等32个国家弃权。
赞成票数超过了总投票数的三分之二，决议因此获得通过。
这是乌克兰战争爆发后，联大第四次通过决议要求俄罗斯立即从乌克兰撤军
决议内容
决议“强调指出乌克兰遭受全面入侵已有一年，实现全面、公正和持久和平将是对加强国际和平与安全的重大贡献”。
为此，决议促请会员国和国际组织按照《联合国宪章》，加倍支持在乌克兰实现全面、公正和持久和平的外交努力；同时，重申联大对乌克兰在其国际公认边界、包括其领水内的主权、独立、统一和领土完整的承诺。
决议再次要求俄罗斯联邦立即、彻底、无条件地将其所有军事力量从乌克兰国际公认边界内的领土撤出，并呼吁停止敌对行动。
决议还呼吁立即停止对乌克兰关键基础设施的攻击和对民用物体，包括住宅、学校和医院的任何蓄意袭击。

此外，决议“强调需要通过在国家或国际一级进行适当、公正、独立的调查和起诉，确保追究在乌克兰境内犯下的国际法上最严重罪行的责任，并确保为所有受害者伸张正义和防止今后发生罪行” 各方表达和平意愿

联大第十一届紧急特别会议于2月22日复会，总共有94个成员国的代表对决议草案展开公开辩论，并在表决前后做解释性发言。
大多数代表对乌克兰遭受全面入侵一年以来所面对的人道主义和人权危机表达了关切，并为看不到危机结束的清晰前景而感到担忧。
代表们还纷纷重申致力于维护《联合国宪章》和国际法，并表达了希望按照《宪章》的原则尽快在乌克兰实现全面、公正和持久和平的强烈意愿。
投下赞成票的法国代表、法国外长科隆纳在公开辩论中强调，俄罗斯发动的战争关乎所有国家，因为如果侵略行为得到奖赏，那么和平与安全将不复存在。她还援引法国总统马克龙去年9月在联大一般性辩论上的发言说，“保持中立不是一个可能的选项，因为中立将等同于侵略者的帮凶”。
投出弃权票的印度常驻联合国代表坎博伊则在表决后的解释性发言中指出，俄乌战争目前体现出了复杂性，局部地区的冲突甚至在加剧。因此，她对于当下能否找到俄乌双方都可以接受的解决方案提出了质疑。在肯定决议草案寻求和平目标的同时，坎博伊认为该决议对于目标的实现存在“先天不足”。
两份修正案未获通过
各国代表当天表决的还有两份由白俄罗斯提交的修正案。其中，A/ES-11/L.8修正案主要寻求删除“乌克兰遭受全面入侵已有一年”以及大会再次要求俄罗斯撤军的表述，并建议将“俄罗斯联邦对乌克兰的侵略”改为“乌克兰境内的敌对行动”。
在A/ES-11/L.9修正案中，白俄罗斯则主要希望添加“促请会员国消除乌克兰境内和周边冲突的根源，包括会员国的正当安全关切”以及“又促请会员国不要向冲突区运送武器”等内容。
两份修正案得到的赞成票分别仅有11票和15票，均未获得通过。
对修正案的分歧
对此，英国常驻联合国代表吴百纳（Barbara Woodward）在表决前的解释性发言中指出，这两份修正案试图错误地将俄罗斯与乌克兰相提并论；然而，前者是被联大和联合国秘书长认定发动全面入侵的一方，而后者则是在行使自身反抗侵略的自卫权。她强调，“简而言之，这两份修正案本身就是破坏《宪章》的图谋。”
而为A/ES-11/L.9修正案投出赞成票的中国代表、中国常驻联合国代表团临时代办戴兵则表示，“各国合理安全关切都应该得到重视，一切有利于和平解决危机的努力都应该得到支持”。他还指出，“残酷的事实充分证明，输送武器不会带来和平，拱火浇油只会加剧各方矛盾，延长扩大冲突只会让普通民众付出更大代价。”
在当天完成表决之后，大会第十一届紧急特别会议暂时休会，决议还“授权大会主席应会员国的要求复会”